① When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 %, max. 0.10 % to 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30 % to 0.60%.
② Copper can be specified when required as 0.20 % minimum.
③ When lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range of 0.15 % to 0.35 % inclusive is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter L between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 10L45. A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream.
④ When boron treatment for killed steels is specified, the steels can be expected to contain 0.0005 % to 0.003 % boron. If the usual titanium additive is not permitted, the steels can be expected to contain up to 0.005 % boron.
⑤ The elements bismuth, calcium, selenium, or tellurium may be added as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.