① When silicon is required. the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 %, max. 0.10 % lo 0.20 %, 0.15 % to 0.35 %, 0.20 % to 0.40 %, or 0.30 % to 0.60%
② Copper can be specified when required as 0.20 % minimum
③ When lead is required as an added element lo a standard steel, a range of 0.15 lo 0.35 % inclusive is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter L between the second and third numerals of lhe grade designation, for example, 10 L 45. A cast or heat analysis is not delerminable when lead is added to the ladle stream
④ when boron treatment for killed steels is specified, the steels can be expecled 10 contain 0.0005 to 0.003 % boron. If lhe usual titanium additive is nol permitted, the steels can be expected to contain up lo 0.005 % boron.
⑤ The elements bismulh, calcium, selenium. or tellurium may be added as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.